Hard Little Words
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The Hard Little Words: Prepositions, Adverbs, Conjunctions
Martin Irvine's Guide to the Hard Little Words.
Reformatted to allow for the constraints of Wiki Markup by KJW 2001-09-20
A short handlist of common prepositions, adverbs, conjunctions--the hard little words that often determine the meaning of a phrase or whole clause. Mediaeval usage of some terms is supplied.
Additions by KJW (annotated with my initials when I remembered to do so).
http://www.georgetown.edu/irvinemj/classics203/resources/latin.lex
(With Some Definitions of Medieval Usage)
- ab
- by, between ????
- ac (conj)
- and
- ad modum
- adv. very, quite; fully; + neg. = at all
- ad huc/adhuc
- thus far, as yet, still, in addition, in the future
- aliquam
- in some degree
- aliqui -qua -quod
- some, any
- aliquis -qua -quid
- someone, something; some, any
- aliquando
- at times, sometimes; once, formerly
- aliquotiens
- several times, at different times
- at (form of ad = in addition to)
- but (intro startling transitions)
- atque
- and as well, even, together with, in everything; atque...atque, both..and
- atqui
- rather, however, but at any rate, but for all that (transition in arg.)
- aut
- or, at least, or else; aut...aut: either...or
- autem
- but, on the other hand, however
- coram
- adv. and prep. in the presence of, before
- dehinc
- adv. while, from here, from now, henceforth; then, next
- deinde
- adv. from there; then, afterwards; secondly, next (in order), in the second (next) place
- demum
- adv. at last, finally, not till then; precisely, exactly, just, in fact, certainly, to be sure; modo demum: only now, just now.
- denique
- adv. finally
- donec
- while, as long as, until
- dum
- conj. while, now; so long as, provided that, if only; until
- enim
- (conj) namely, indeed, certainly, in fact, for, because
- eo quod
- because
- etenim
- (conj) and indeed, for, as a matter of fact
- etiam
- also, besides; even, actually; (time) still
- etsi
- (conj.) though, although, and yet
- fas (est)
- indecl. (it is) right, proper
- huc
- here, to this place; so far, for this purpose
- ibi
- there, then, therein, on that occassion
- idcirco
- for that reason, on that account, therefore
- ideo
- therefore, for this reason
- illuc
- (adv.) (to) there; to that; to him/her
- immo
- (adv.) or rather; indeed; no, yes (emphasis)
- interdum
- occasionally, sometimes, now and then
- inde
- from there, from that source, then, after; from then
- iuxta
- (adv) near by, alike, equally; (prep) close to, right after, near to, beside; iuxta (7th-15th c.): according to iuxta aliquid :: to some extent
- ita
- thus, so, in this way; ita...ut :: just as, so...that ita...quomodo :: just as
- licet
- all right; (with dat + inf) it is right for someone to; (conj) although, even if
- modo
- only, just now
- necnon
- also, moreover, certainly, besides
- nempe
- to be sure, of course
- non numquam
- sometimes
- nondum
- not yet
- nonnullus -a -um
- some, several
- nuper
- recently, lately
- nusquam
- nowhere
- ob
- before, in front of; on account of, because of; for the sake of; instead of; in proportion to; ob rem: to the purpose, usefully; quam ob rem: wherefore, accordingly
- olim
- once; of old; one day
- praeterea
- besides, moreover; hereafter
- postea
- afterwards
- postmodum
- afterwards; presently
- procul
- far off
- proinde
- adv. consequently, therefore; just as
- propterea
- for that reason, therefore
- prorsus/prorsum
- (adv.) forwards; absolutely; in short
- prout
- (conj) according as
- qua
- (adv) where, as far as, how; qua..qua: partly...partly
- qualibit
- anywhere, any way, as you please
- qualis -e
- what sort of, what kind of, such as, as
- qualiter
- adv. how, as, just as
- quam
- (adv) how, how much; as, very
- quamdiu
- as long as; while; inasmuch as
- quamquam
- although
- quamvis
- (adv) however; (conj) although
- quando
- when (after nisi, ne) ever; (conj) when, since, because
- quandoque
- (adv) at some time; (conj) whenever, as often as, since
- quantum
- (adv) as much as, as far as, so much as, to what extent
- quantus
- how great, how much; in quantum: to what extent; quanto: for how much
- quantum ad
- in terms of, as far as x is concerned, with respect to
- quapropter
- wherefore
- quare
- by what means, how; why, wherefore
- quasi
- as if, as though
- quatenus
- adv.(inter.) how far, how long? (rel.) as far as, in so far as, since
- quemadmodum
- (adv) in what way, how; (conj) as, just as
- quicquam
- anything
- quicumque quae- quod-
- whoever, whatever; all that, any whatever
- quidam quae- quid-
- a certain one, someone, a kind of
- quidem
- indeed, in fact
- quippe
- adv. certainly, of course; conj.(explaining) for in fact, because, since
- quisquam quid-
- anyone, anything
- quisque quidque
- each, each one, every
- quisquis, quidquid
- whoever, whatever; all
- quo
- where, what for, to what end
- quoad
- as to, with respect to
- quocumque
- whither so ever, how so ever
- quod
- (conj) because, as far as, in so far as, as for the fact that, in that, that; quod si: but if
- quodamodo
- in a way
- quomodo
- how, in what way; (rel) as, just as
- quondam
- once, sometimes, formerly
- quoniam
- because, since, seeing that, now that
- quoque
- also, too
- quot
- how many; (conj) as many
- quotiens
- how often (rel) as often as
- rursus
- again, in turn
- recte
- rightly, correctly
- rursum
- again
- sane
- reasonably, sensibly; certainly, doubtless, truly; of course; c. neg. = really, at all; to be sure, however
- scilicet
- adv. evidently, naturally, of course; (as explan. particle:) namely, that is to say, in other words
- semel
- once
- seu
- = et
- simul
- at the same time; together; likewise
- sin
- but if
- siquidem
- if in fact; if only, if indeed; since indeed, since that
- talis -e
- adj. such, of such a kind, the following
- taliter
- in such a manner, so
- tam
- so, so greatly; tam...quam: so...as, much...as well as
- tamen
- yet, nevertheless, still
- tamquam
- as, just as; (conj) as if, just as if
- tandem
- at last, finally
- tantum
- (adv) so much, so greatly; to such a degree; so far; only
- tantus -a -um (adj)
- of such (a size); so great, so much
- tot
- as many, so many
- tunc
- (avd) then, just the; thereupon, accordingly, consequently
- ubicumque
- wherever, everywhere
- unde
- whence, from where; wherefore; this being the case
- usque
- as far as, all the way, continually, straight on, up to; until
- ut...ita
- while...nevertheless
uterque -raque -rumque: both, each (of two)
- utinam
- would that, if only
- utique
- anyhow, at least, at any rate
- utpote
- as, in as much as
- utrum
- (conj) either, whether
- velut
- as, just as, as it were, as though
- verumtamen
- but yet, nevertheless
- vero (conj)
- but, truly
- videlicet
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